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Python Articles
Page 850 of 855
Python program to find k'th smallest element in a 2D array
One n×n user input integer matrix is given and the value of k. Our task is to find out k'th smallest element in a 2D array. Here we use heapq mudule.Heap queue (or heapq) in Python. In Python, it is available using “heapq” module. The technique of this module in python is that each time the smallest of heap element is popped (min heap).nsmallest () method is used to get n least values from a data frame or a series. Example Input Array is:: 10 20 20 40 15 45 40 30 32 33 30 50 ...
Read MorePython program to check whether two lists are circularly identical
Here two lists are given. Our task is to check and found weather two given lists are circularly identical or not. Example Input : A = [100, 100, 10, 10, 100] B = [100, 100, 100, 10, 10] Output : True Explanation True as when these elements in the list will circularly rotate then they would be similar to other given list Algorithm Step 1: Create First and Second List. Step 2: Then Lists are converted to map. Step 3: join () method is used for converting the ...
Read MorePython Unicode Database
The unicodedata module is used to access all of the Unicode characters using Unicode character databases. In this database, there are character properties of all characters. To use this modules, we need to import the unicodedata module in our code. import unicodedata Unicode Database Methods Some modules of the unicodedata module are described here. Module (unicodedata.lookup(name)) − This method is used to lookup the characters by name. When the name is valid, it should return the character. Otherwise it will raise the KeyError. Module (unicodedata.name(chr[, default]))− This method is used to return the name of the given ...
Read MorePseudo-terminal Utilities in Python
The Pseudo-terminal utility module pty is defined to handle pseudo-terminal concepts. Using this we can start another process, and also can read or write from controlling terminal using programs. This module is highly platform oriented. We should use UNIX systems to perform these operations. To use the pty module, we should import it using − import pty There are some modules of the pty module, these are − Method pty.fork() This method is used to connect the child controlling terminal to pseudo-terminal. This method returns the pid and the fd. The child process gets the pid 0, but ...
Read MoreAccess to the Shadow Password Database in Python
To access the UNIX shadow password database, we should use the spwd module. We need enough privileges to access this file. The shadow password database entries are like tuple like object. To use the spwd module, we should import it using − import spwd The attributes of the shadow password database are − Index Attribute & Description 0 sp_nam The Login Name or the username of the user 1 sp_pwd The Encrypted password 2 sp_lstchg Date of last change 3 sp_min Minimal number of days ...
Read MorePython Completion function for GNU readline
Unix readline module has tab completion mechanism. To get these features, we have to use rlcompleter module. It can be used in python’s interactive mode. To use this module, we should import it using − import rlcompleter There is a class called Completer class − Method Completer.complete(text, state) This method is used to return the tab completion output. If there is a ‘.’ in the text, then it will try to get all related members of that command. When there is no dot ‘.’ it will just complete the text. Example Code import rlcompleter import sys ...
Read MorePython Alternate repr() implementation
In Python, if we want to limit the large amount of data from displaying, we can use the reprlib module. To use this module, we should import it using. import reprlib There are different classes and methods related to reprlib. These are − Class reprlib.Repr The Repr class provides formatting services. It creates functions like built-in repr(). In this class we can add size limits and different object types. Method reprlib.repr(object) This method is used to return string like built-in repr() method, But in this case there is a limits on most sizes. Repr Objects The Repr object ...
Read MoreTerminal Control Functions in Python
To change the terminal controls in the Unix system, we can use the tty related methods in Python. Using the tty module, we can set two different modes of the terminal. The raw Mode and the cbreak mode. To use the tty module, we should import it using − import tty There are some modules of the tty module, these are − Method tty.setraw(fd, when = termios.TCSAFLUSH) This method is used to change the terminal mode to raw mode. In the raw mode, the cursor moves to new line but the carriage return operation is not performed. Also ...
Read MorePython Function to Check UNIX Passwords
To verify UNIX password, we should use the crypt module. It has crypt(3) routine. It is basically one-way hash function based on the modified DES algorithm. To use the crypt module, we should import it using. import crypt Method crypt.crypt(word, salt) This method takes two arguments. The first one is the word and second one is salt. The word is basically the user password, which is given in the prompt. The salt is a random string. It is used to perturb the DES Algorithm in one of 4096 ways. The salt contains only Upper-case, Lower-case, Numeric values ...
Read MorePython Program to crawl a web page and get most frequent words
Our task is to crawl a web page and count the frequency of the word. And ultimately retrieving most frequent words. First we are using request and beautiful soup module and with the help of these module creating web-crawler and extract data from web page and store in a list. Example code import requests from bs4 import BeautifulSoup import operator from collections import Counter def my_start(url): my_wordlist = [] my_source_code = requests.get(url).text my_soup = BeautifulSoup(my_source_code, 'html.parser') for each_text in my_soup.findAll('div', {'class':'entry-content'}): ...
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