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Table of Contents

  • typing — Support for type hints
    • Specification for the Python Type System
    • Type aliases
    • NewType
    • Annotating callable objects
    • Generics
    • Annotating tuples
    • The type of class objects
    • Annotating generators and coroutines
    • User-defined generic types
    • The Any type
    • Nominal vs structural subtyping
    • Module contents
      • Special typing primitives
        • Special types
        • Special forms
        • Building generic types and type aliases
        • Other special directives
      • Protocols
      • ABCs and Protocols for working with I/O
      • Functions and decorators
      • Introspection helpers
      • Constant
      • Deprecated aliases
        • Aliases to built-in types
        • Aliases to types in collections
        • Aliases to other concrete types
        • Aliases to container ABCs in collections.abc
        • Aliases to asynchronous ABCs in collections.abc
        • Aliases to other ABCs in collections.abc
        • Aliases to contextlib ABCs
    • Deprecation Timeline of Major Features

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